The thesis A society at the peak of its liberalization is not a society without a hierarchy. It is a society that has learned to grant exemptions without disturbing the order. This is the difference between a norm upgrade and a norm reordering. An upgrade adds a group to the existing arrangement. A reordering changes…
How the 19th-century state pathologized both the man who loved men and the colonizer who crossed the line—and why the German response to that history became the foundation of European liberty There is a moment in Friedrich Schiller’s Aesthetic Education of Man—the Sixth Letter, written in 1795—where he draws a distinction that the 19th century…
Why it outlasts the culture war, and why both woke left and nativist right are fighting the wrong fight You don’t need a new ideology. You need an old one, stripped of its performative excesses and returned to its quiet, boring, functional core: baseline liberalism. The idea that adults are adults – not representatives of…