Tag: parallel societies
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Finland’s post-1990s social settlement produced a specific kind of outsider: the citizen who holds the passport but not the membership. The white crow is not a foreigner. But the mechanism that keeps the foreigner on a temporary permit—provisional inclusion, conditional belonging, permanent assessment—operates on the white crow with the same effect. The difference is that…
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The multi-billion-dollar cartel networks of Mexico and Colombia are conventionally framed as criminal pathologies—lawless enterprises to be suppressed through militarized interdiction and crop eradication. This framing is analytically inadequate. A substantial body of scholarship in political science, rural sociology, and critical drug policy studies converges on a different conclusion: these networks are the direct consequence…