There are two Finnish energy transitions. One is in the statistics, where solar installations, EV registrations and reserve-market bids are recorded. The other is in the opinions, where the fuel is too expensive, the state should do something, and the decision does not belong to the person being asked. The statistics are moving and the…
The Arithmetic of National Decline Every nation runs on a demographic ledger. Births minus deaths equals natural change. Immigration minus emigration equals net migration. Add them together and you get population growth or decline. The arithmetic is simple. The politics are not. For decades, the conventional wisdom in low-fertility countries has been that immigration can…
1. The Second-Order Effect: Food The Transmission Mechanism Diesel does not stay in the fuel tank. It enters the food system at every node. Farmers burn it to plough, sow, spray, and harvest. Trucks burn it to move grain, fertiliser, and refrigerated produce. Ships burn it to bring imported inputs and finished goods. The European…